Input Parameters

Results

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Maximum Power (Pmax)
W
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Fill Factor
--
Estimated Rs
Ω
--
Estimated Rsh
Ω
Note: I-V curve tracing diagnoses module health. Low FF indicates degradation. High Rs suggests bad connections; low Rsh indicates cell defects or PID.

Reference

Pmax = Imp × Vmp Fill Factor = Pmax / (Isc × Voc) Rs ≈ (Voc − Vmp) / Imp (series resistance) Rsh ≈ Vmp / (Isc − Imp) (shunt resistance) Healthy FF: 0.70-0.82 for crystalline Si