All Solar Calculators

200 professional calculators based on NEC/UL standards

PV System Design (28)

Annual Yield Estimate Calculator

Estimate first-year annual energy production using system capacity, solar resource, and performance

Area Power Density Calculator

Calculate the power and energy density per unit area for PV system land use planning.

Array Layout Optimizer

Optimize PV array layout for maximum energy density considering module dimensions, orientation, and

Array Spacing Calculator

Calculate array spacing

Azimuth Orientation Loss Calculator

Calculate solar panel production losses from non-optimal azimuth orientation. Compare east, west, an

Capacity Factor Calculator

Calculate PV system capacity factor and equivalent full-load hours from generation data.

DC/AC Ratio Calculator

Calculate optimal DC/AC ratio for solar inverters. Analyze clipping losses vs. improved low-light pe

Generation Profile Calculator

Estimate hourly PV generation profile for system sizing and grid integration analysis.

Ground Coverage Ratio Calculator

Calculate ground coverage ratio and land utilization for ground-mounted PV arrays.

Ground Mount Row Spacing Calculator

Calculate optimal row spacing for ground-mounted solar arrays to minimize shading. Factor in latitud

Horizon Shading Calculator

Estimate annual energy loss from horizon obstructions (trees, buildings, terrain) at specified azimu

Inverter Sizing Calculator

Calculate the right inverter size for your solar system. Account for continuous loads and surge requ

Module String Design Calculator

Calculate optimal string length based on module Voc, Vmp, temperature coefficients, and inverter MPP

Peak Sun Hours Calculator

Find average peak sun hours for any US state. Essential for accurate solar system sizing.

Row Spacing Calculator

Calculate minimum inter-row spacing to avoid shading on winter solstice based on tilt, module size,

Site Assessment Calculator

Score a potential PV site based on solar resource, terrain, grid proximity, and environmental factor

Solar Access Calculator

Calculate the percentage of available solar resource reaching the array accounting for shading obstr

Solar Angle Calculator

Calculate solar angle

Solar Array Configuration Calculator

Calculate series and parallel solar panel configurations. Find optimal string voltage and current fo

Solar Irradiance Calculator

Calculate solar irradiance (kWh/m2/day) based on latitude, season, and panel tilt. Estimate solar en

Solar Panel Sizing Calculator

Calculate the number of solar panels needed based on your energy consumption and location. Free onli

Solar Panel Tilt Angle Calculator

Calculate the optimal solar panel tilt angle based on latitude and season for maximum energy product

Solar Resource Assessment Calculator

Estimate monthly and annual solar irradiance from geographic parameters using clear-sky models.

Solar Roof Area Calculator

Calculate how many solar panels fit on your roof. Account for setbacks, obstructions, and panel orie

Specific Yield Calculator

Calculate specific yield (kWh/kWp) from metered production data and assess system performance agains

String Voltage Calculator

Calculate solar panel string voltage considering temperature coefficients. Size strings for inverter

System Availability Calculator

Estimate PV system availability accounting for inverter downtime, grid outages, and scheduled mainte

Tilt Angle Optimizer

Calculate optimal solar panel tilt angles for maximum energy production. Compare fixed, seasonal, an

Inverters & Power Electronics (18)

Anti-Islanding Calculator

Calculate anti-islanding detection thresholds and trip times per IEEE 1547 for grid-tied inverters.

Central Inverter Sizing Calculator

Size central inverters for utility-scale PV plants based on array capacity, DC/AC ratio, and combine

Combiner Box Design Calculator

Design solar PV combiner boxes with proper fusing, voltage ratings, and NEC compliance. Calculate st

Frequency Response Calculator

Calculate inverter frequency droop response and power curtailment for grid support functions.

Grid-Forming Inverter Calculator

Size a grid-forming inverter for microgrid or islanded operation with voltage and frequency regulati

Harmonic Distortion Calculator

Calculate total harmonic distortion (THD) and individual harmonic levels for PV inverter AC output c

Hybrid Inverter Sizing Calculator

Size a hybrid (battery-coupled) inverter for solar + storage systems based on load, PV capacity, and

Inverter Clipping Loss Calculator

Calculate inverter clipping losses based on DC/AC ratio. Optimize oversizing for maximum energy harv

MPPT Tracking Efficiency Calculator

Estimate MPPT tracking losses based on irradiance variability, string mismatch, and tracker algorith

Microinverter Sizing Calculator

Calculate microinverter requirements for solar panels. Match panel wattage to microinverter capacity

Power Factor Correction Calculator

Calculate capacitor bank or inverter reactive power needed to correct power factor at the point of i

Power Optimizer Sizing Calculator

Size DC power optimizers for module-level power electronics based on module parameters and string co

Rapid Shutdown Calculator

Calculate NEC 690.12 rapid shutdown requirements for solar PV systems. Determine MLPE needs and arra

Reactive Power Calculator

Calculate reactive power capability and power factor for PV inverters providing grid voltage support

Solar Transformer Sizing Calculator

Size step-up transformers for PV plants based on inverter output, voltage, and thermal consideration

String Inverter Configuration Calculator

Configure string inverter MPPT inputs with module strings, checking voltage and current compatibilit

Surge Protection Calculator

Size surge protective devices (SPDs) for PV systems on both DC and AC sides per NEC 690.35.

Switchgear Rating Calculator

Calculate switchgear and circuit breaker ratings for PV interconnection based on fault current and s

Battery & Energy Storage (18)

Battery Bank Calculator

Calculate battery bank capacity for off-grid and backup solar systems. Size batteries in Ah and kWh

Battery C-Rate Calculator

Calculate charge/discharge C-rate, time to full charge/discharge, and current draw from power demand

Battery Capacity Sizing Calculator

Size battery bank capacity based on daily energy demand, autonomy days, depth of discharge, and syst

Battery Cycle Life Calculator

Calculate expected battery cycle life and replacement timing for solar storage systems. Compare LiFe

Battery Degradation Model Calculator

Model battery capacity fade over time based on cycle count, DoD, temperature, and calendar aging.

Battery Parallel-Series Configuration Calculator

Design battery bank configurations with series/parallel cell arrangements to meet voltage and capaci

Battery Round-Trip Efficiency Calculator

Calculate round-trip efficiency, energy losses, and cost of losses for battery charge/discharge cycl

Battery Safety Calculator

Calculate thermal runaway propagation risk, ventilation requirements, and safety clearances for batt

Battery State of Charge Calculator

Calculate battery state of charge from voltage. Monitor lead-acid, AGM, gel, and lithium battery SOC

Battery Temperature Effect Calculator

Calculate the impact of ambient temperature on battery capacity, internal resistance, and cycle life

Battery Thermal Management Calculator

Size the cooling/heating system for a battery energy storage system based on heat generation and amb

Charge Controller Sizing Calculator

Calculate the right MPPT or PWM charge controller size for your solar array. Account for array volta

Depth of Discharge Calculator

Calculate depth of discharge, state of charge, and estimate remaining cycle life based on DoD operat

ESS Power Rating Calculator

Calculate energy storage system power rating, energy-to-power ratio, and duration for grid applicati

Energy Storage ROI Calculator

Calculate return on investment for battery energy storage systems including TOU arbitrage and demand

Lead-Acid Battery Sizing Calculator

Size flooded or AGM lead-acid battery banks with Peukert correction, temperature compensation, and a

Lithium-Ion Battery Sizing Calculator

Size lithium-ion (LiFePO4/NMC) battery systems with cell count, BMS requirements, and thermal consid

UPS Battery Sizing Calculator

Size uninterruptible power supply batteries for critical solar system loads including inverter and B

Electrical Design & NEC (21)

AC Disconnect & Breaker Sizing Calculator

Calculate AC disconnect and breaker sizes for solar systems per NEC requirements. Size overcurrent p

AC Disconnect Sizing Calculator

Size AC disconnect switches for PV inverter output circuits per NEC 690.15 requirements.

Arc Fault Detection Calculator

Calculate arc fault detection requirements for solar PV systems per NEC 690.11. Determine AFCI/AFDI

Conduit Fill Calculator

Calculate NEC conduit fill for solar PV installations. Determine conduit size based on wire count, t

DC Arc Flash Calculator

Estimate DC arc flash incident energy for PV systems using IEEE 1584 methods and calculate PPE categ

DC Cable Voltage Drop Calculator

Calculate voltage drop in DC solar cables. Essential for efficient solar system wiring design.

DC Voltage Drop Calculator

Calculate voltage drop dc

DC Wire Sizing Calculator

Calculate the correct wire gauge for DC solar installations. Account for voltage drop and ampacity r

Equipment Grounding Conductor Calculator

Size equipment grounding conductors for PV systems per NEC 690.45 and Table 250.122.

Grounding Electrode Calculator

Calculate grounding electrode conductor size for solar PV systems per NEC 690.47. Determine GEC sizi

Junction Box Sizing Calculator

Calculate junction box volume requirements for PV conductor splices and connections per NEC 314.16.

NEC Article 690 Calculator

Calculate NEC 690 compliant maximum system voltage, current, and conductor sizing for PV systems.

PV Ground Fault Detection Calculator

Calculate ground fault detection thresholds and fuse sizing for grounded and ungrounded PV systems.

PV Labeling Requirements Calculator

Determine required NEC labels, placards, and markings for PV system components with maximum voltage

PV Overcurrent Protection Calculator

Size overcurrent protection devices (fuses/breakers) for PV source circuits and output circuits per

Raceway Sizing Calculator

Calculate conduit/raceway size for PV system conductors based on NEC Chapter 9 fill requirements.

Solar Breaker Sizing Calculator

Size AC circuit breakers for PV inverter connections including 120% rule backfeed calculations per N

Solar Conductor Ampacity Calculator

Calculate conductor ampacity with NEC derating for conduit fill, ambient temperature, and rooftop te

Solar Fuse Sizing Calculator

Size DC and AC fuses for PV systems including string fuses, combiner fuses, and inverter input fuses

System Voltage Class Calculator

Determine NEC voltage class, equipment ratings, and code requirements based on PV system maximum vol

Wire Ampacity Derating Calculator

Calculate wire ampacity with multiple NEC derating factors for solar installations including conduit

Mounting & Structural (17)

Attachment Point Spacing Calculator

Calculate maximum attachment spacing for roof-mounted PV based on rail section modulus and wind load

Ballast Mount Calculator

Calculate ballast weight needed to resist wind uplift forces on non-penetrating flat-roof PV mounts.

Bifacial Solar Gain Calculator

Calculate additional energy production from bifacial solar panels. Estimate rear-side gain based on

Canopy Structure Calculator

Size solar canopy columns and beams for carport or elevated PV structures based on span and loading.

Dead Load Calculator

Calculate total dead load (psf) from PV modules, racking hardware, and wiring for structural analysi

Flush Mount Spacing Calculator

Calculate minimum gap between flush-mounted modules to allow thermal expansion and cooling airflow.

Ground Screw Sizing Calculator

Size helical ground screws for solar PV foundations using torque-to-capacity correlation factor.

Post Foundation Sizing Calculator

Size driven post or pier foundations for ground-mount PV based on frost depth and above-grade height

Racking Material Calculator

Compare aluminum vs. steel racking systems for weight, cost, and corrosion resistance in PV mounting

Rail Span Calculator

Calculate maximum allowable rail span based on beam deflection limits (L/240) for PV mounting rails.

Roof Load Analysis Calculator

Analyze combined roof loading from dead, live, snow, and solar equipment loads per IBC structural re

Roof Penetration Calculator

Calculate lag bolt pullout strength and required embedment for roof-mounted PV attachment points.

Seismic Load Calculator for Solar

Calculate seismic base shear and lateral forces on solar structures using ASCE 7 equivalent lateral

Solar Carport Sizing Calculator

Calculate solar carport sizing, panel count, system capacity, and energy production for parking stru

Solar Panel Snow Load Calculator

Calculate snow load impact on solar panels and winter production losses. Estimate structural require

Tilt Mount Design Calculator

Calculate optimal fixed tilt angle from latitude and determine mount dimensions for tilted PV arrays

Wind Uplift Calculator

Calculate wind uplift pressure on solar arrays using ASCE 7 velocity pressure formula with exposure

Monitoring & Performance (22)

Availability Analysis Calculator

Calculate PV system availability (uptime) from downtime hours, distinguishing planned vs. unplanned

Benchmarking Calculator

Compare PV system performance ratio against fleet averages and industry benchmarks to identify under

Curtailment Calculator

Calculate energy lost from power curtailment (clipping) when PV output exceeds inverter or grid expo

Data Logger Sizing Calculator

Size data logger capacity based on number of channels, sample rate, data resolution, and storage dur

Degradation Analysis Calculator

Estimate annual PV system degradation rate using linear regression on monthly performance ratio data

Fault Detection Calculator

Calculate power deviation thresholds for automated fault detection and alarm generation in PV monito

I-V Curve Analysis Calculator

Calculate key PV module parameters from I-V curve data including fill factor, series resistance, and

Module Temperature Derating Calculator

Calculate detailed solar module temperature derating including Voc, Vmp, Isc, and Pmax coefficients.

PV Degradation Calculator

Calculate solar panel degradation over time. Estimate lifetime energy production based on annual deg

PV Temperature Derating Calculator

Calculate solar panel power loss due to temperature. Estimate PV module operating temperature and de

Performance Ratio Analysis Calculator

Calculate performance ratio (PR) by comparing actual measured yield against the reference yield from

Performance Ratio Calculator

Calculate solar PV system performance ratio (PR). Compare actual vs theoretical output, identify los

Production Guarantee Calculator

Calculate guaranteed annual energy production with degradation curve for PPA and performance guarant

Solar Panel Soiling Loss Calculator

Calculate energy losses from dirt, dust, pollen, and bird droppings on solar panels. Estimate soilin

Solar Shading Loss Calculator

Calculate the impact of shading on solar panel production. Estimate energy losses from trees, buildi

Solar System Losses Calculator

Calculate total solar system losses and derate factors. Account for temperature, soiling, shading, w

String-Level Monitoring Calculator

Calculate the number of current transformers (CTs) and monitoring hardware needed for string-level P

System Monitoring Design Calculator

Size a PV monitoring system by calculating required sensors, data channels, and communication bandwi

Temperature Derating Calculator

Calculate solar panel power loss from high temperatures. Estimate actual output based on cell temper

Thermal Imaging Schedule Calculator

Determine thermal imaging inspection frequency based on system age, degradation rate, and warranty r

Weather Station Siting Calculator

Determine optimal pyranometer mounting height and placement for PV plant weather monitoring stations

Yield Assessment Calculator

Calculate P50 and P90 annual energy yield estimates with uncertainty analysis for PV project financi

Financial & Economic (22)

Carbon Offset Calculator

Calculate your solar system's carbon offset. See how much CO2 you're preventing from entering the at

Commercial Solar ROI Calculator

Calculate commercial solar ROI with ITC, MACRS depreciation, and PPA analysis. Comprehensive financi

Cost Per Watt Calculator

Calculate the installed cost per watt for a solar PV system broken down by component category.

Grid Parity Calculator

Determine when solar LCOE reaches grid parity with utility electricity rates based on cost trends.

Investment Tax Credit Calculator

Calculate the federal Investment Tax Credit (ITC) for solar PV installations based on system cost an

Levelized Cost of Energy Calculator

Calculate the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for a solar PV system based on capital costs, O&M, and

Net Metering Calculator

Calculate net metering savings and credits. Estimate monthly import/export balance and annual utilit

Net Metering Savings Calculator

Calculate net metering savings and grid credit value. Compare full retail, avoided cost, and time-of

O&M Cost Calculator

Estimate annual operations and maintenance costs for solar PV systems based on size, age, and warran

PPA Analysis Calculator

Analyze a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) comparing contracted solar rates against projected utility

Panel Cleaning ROI Calculator

Calculate panel cleaning roi

SREC Value Calculator

Estimate Solar Renewable Energy Certificate (SREC) revenue based on system production and market pri

Salvage Value Calculator

Estimate the residual/salvage value of a solar PV system at end of life based on degradation and com

Solar Depreciation Calculator

Calculate MACRS depreciation schedule for commercial solar PV systems using the 5-year accelerated d

Solar IRR Calculator

Calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) for a solar PV investment including incentives and elect

Solar Insurance Cost Calculator

Estimate annual insurance premiums for solar PV systems based on system value, location risk, and co

Solar Lease vs Buy Calculator

Compare the total cost of leasing versus purchasing a solar PV system over the ownership period.

Solar NPV Calculator

Calculate the net present value of a solar PV system investment over its lifetime using discounted c

Solar Payback Calculator

Calculate solar system payback period and return on investment. Include incentives and electricity r

Solar Savings Calculator

Calculate monthly and annual electricity bill savings from solar panels. See how much you can save.

Solar Tracker ROI Calculator

Calculate return on investment for solar tracking systems. Compare fixed mount, single-axis, and dua

Time-of-Use Savings Calculator

Calculate additional savings from solar under time-of-use (TOU) rate structures where peak rates are

Grid Integration & Utility (20)

Appliance Load Calculator

Calculate total electrical load from appliances. Essential for solar system sizing with starting and

Capacity Credit Calculator

Estimate the capacity credit (capacity value) of a solar PV plant for resource adequacy and capacity

Demand Charge Reduction Calculator

Calculate demand charge savings from solar PV and battery storage for commercial electricity custome

EV Charger Solar Calculator

Calculate solar panel requirements to charge your electric vehicle. Size solar arrays for Level 1 an

Energy Consumption Calculator

Calculate your daily and monthly energy consumption in kWh. Essential for solar system sizing.

Feeder Hosting Capacity Calculator

Estimate the maximum solar PV capacity a distribution feeder can host without requiring infrastructu

Frequency Regulation Calculator

Calculate droop-based frequency response from solar PV and battery systems for grid frequency regula

Grid Export Limit Calculator

Size a solar PV system to comply with grid export limits and maximize self-consumption.

Grid Support Functions Calculator

Calculate reactive power capability and grid support capacity for smart solar inverters per IEEE 154

Grid-Tie Solar System Calculator

Size a grid-connected solar system with net metering. Calculate panels, inverter, and expected savin

Interconnection Study Calculator

Estimate grid interconnection requirements and costs for solar PV systems based on size and utility

Islanding Detection Calculator

Calculate non-detection zone (NDZ) parameters for anti-islanding protection in grid-tied solar PV in

PV Voltage Regulation Calculator

Analyze voltage rise on distribution feeders caused by solar PV generation and determine if mitigati

Peak Shaving Calculator

Calculate battery storage requirements for peak demand shaving. Reduce commercial demand charges wit

Power Curtailment Calculator

Estimate annual energy loss from curtailment due to grid constraints, negative pricing, or export li

Ramp Rate Control Calculator

Calculate energy storage requirements to smooth solar PV output ramp rates and meet utility intercon

Reverse Power Flow Calculator

Determine when solar PV generation exceeds local load causing reverse power flow on the distribution

Self-Consumption Rate Calculator

Calculate your solar self-consumption rate and export percentage. Optimize battery storage sizing fo

Transmission Loss Calculator

Calculate electrical losses in transmission lines from solar PV plants to the point of interconnecti

Utility Rate Analysis Calculator

Analyze electricity utility rate structures to determine the value of solar generation under differe

Off-Grid & Hybrid Systems (19)

Backup Generator Sizing Calculator

Size a backup generator for hybrid solar systems. Calculate generator capacity for off-grid and emer

Diesel-Solar Hybrid Calculator

Calculate fuel savings and optimal solar penetration for diesel generator-solar PV hybrid systems.

Emergency Solar Kit Calculator

Size an emergency/disaster relief solar kit for essential loads including lights, phone charging, an

Hybrid System Design Calculator

Design a solar-battery-grid hybrid system determining optimal solar fraction, battery size, and grid

Mini-Grid Sizing Calculator

Size a solar mini-grid for a community including generation, storage, and distribution parameters.

Off-Grid Solar System Calculator

Size a complete off-grid solar system with batteries, panels, charge controller, and inverter.

Portable Solar Calculator

Size a portable solar panel and battery system for camping, RV, or emergency power based on device l

Remote Telecom Solar Calculator

Size a solar power system for remote telecom towers including DC loads, battery backup, and reliabil

Solar Desalination Calculator

Size a solar-powered reverse osmosis desalination system for freshwater production from seawater.

Solar Fence Charger Calculator

Size a solar-powered electric fence charger based on fence length, vegetation load, and animal type.

Solar Gate Opener Calculator

Size a solar power system for automatic gate openers based on gate type, cycles per day, and motor l

Solar Hot Water Calculator

Size a solar thermal hot water system. Calculate collector area and tank size for domestic hot water

Solar Lighting Design Calculator

Design a standalone solar street light or area lighting system with LED fixtures and battery storage

Solar Refrigeration Calculator

Size a solar-powered refrigeration system for off-grid vaccine storage, food preservation, or cold r

Solar Ventilation Calculator

Size a solar-powered attic or greenhouse ventilation fan system based on volume and required air cha

Solar Water Pump Calculator

Size a solar-powered water pump system. Calculate panel requirements for well pumps, irrigation, and

Solar Water Pump Sizing Calculator

Size a solar-powered water pump system based on flow rate, total dynamic head, and solar resource.

Standalone PV Sizing Calculator

Size a standalone photovoltaic system based on daily load, sun hours, battery autonomy, and system l

Wind Turbine Sizing Calculator

Calculate small wind turbine output and sizing. Estimate energy production based on wind speed and t

Solar Thermal & Specialty (15)

Concentrated Solar Power Calculator

Calculate thermal output and efficiency of concentrated solar power (CSP) systems - dish, tower, or

Evacuated Tube Collector Calculator

Calculate heat output and efficiency of evacuated tube solar collectors for medium-high temperature

Flat Plate Collector Efficiency Calculator

Calculate instantaneous and daily efficiency of flat plate solar thermal collectors using the Hottel

Heat Transfer Fluid Calculator

Calculate HTF properties, flow rate, and heat transfer for solar thermal collector loops.

Parabolic Trough Calculator

Design a parabolic trough solar collector loop including aperture width, focal length, and heat coll

Solar Air Heater Calculator

Design a solar air heater panel for space heating with air flow rate, outlet temperature, and effici

Solar Collector Sizing Calculator

Size a solar thermal collector array for domestic hot water based on demand, location, and collector

Solar Cooker Design Calculator

Design a solar box or parabolic cooker calculating cooking temperature, power, and time for meal pre

Solar District Heating Calculator

Size a large-scale solar district heating plant with seasonal thermal energy storage (STES).

Solar Dryer Sizing Calculator

Size a solar crop/food dryer based on product mass, initial/final moisture content, and drying rate.

Solar Pool Heater Calculator

Size a solar thermal system for swimming pool heating based on pool area, desired temperature, and c

Solar Still Calculator

Calculate freshwater production from a solar still (basin type) based on solar radiation and still d

Solar Storage Tank Sizing Calculator

Size a thermal energy storage tank for solar hot water or solar heating systems based on collector a

Solar Tracker Gain Calculator

Calculate energy gain from single-axis and dual-axis solar trackers vs fixed-tilt systems. ROI analy

Thermosiphon System Calculator

Design a natural circulation (thermosiphon) solar water heater calculating flow rate, tank height, a