Input Parameters

Results

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Reference Yield
kWh/kWp
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Performance Ratio
%
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Expected PR at Age
%
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PR Deviation
%
Note: Performance ratio is the industry standard metric for PV system quality. Typical PR ranges: 75-85%. PR accounts for all system losses including thermal, wiring, inverter, and soiling.

Reference

Reference Yield = POA Irradiance (kWh/m²) Specific Yield = Actual Energy / Capacity PR = Specific Yield / Reference Yield × 100 Expected PR ≈ 82% − 0.5%/yr × (age − 1) First year PR ≈ 80% (includes LID)