Row Spacing Calculator

Calculate minimum inter-row spacing to avoid shading on winter solstice based on tilt, module size, and latitude.

Input Parameters

Results

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Min Row Spacing
ft
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Module Back Height
ft
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Winter Sun Altitude
°
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Ground Coverage Ratio
Note: Standard practice: no shading from 9AM-3PM on winter solstice (Dec 21). GCR of 0.3-0.5 is typical for ground mount.

Reference

Back Height = Module_L × sin(Tilt) Winter Sun Altitude = 90 − Latitude − 23.45° Shadow Length = Back Height / tan(Sun Altitude) Row Spacing = Shadow Length + Module_L × cos(Tilt) GCR = Module Horizontal / Row Spacing