Design a natural circulation (thermosiphon) solar water heater calculating flow rate, tank height, and performance.
Input Parameters
Results
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Natural Flow Rate
L/min
--
Heat Output
W
--
Temp Rise per Pass
Δ°C
--
Daily Hot Water
liters
Note: Thermosiphon systems need tank above collector for natural circulation. Minimum 0.3m height difference. No pump needed - simplest solar water heater design.
Reference
Driving Pressure = Δρ x g x H [Pa]
H = Collector Height/2 + Tank Offset
Flow Velocity = sqrt(2ΔP / (ρ x K_friction))
Mass Flow = ρ x v x Pipe Area
Temp Rise = Heat Output / (Mass Flow x Cp)